#People

With a sharp intellect and a relentless work ethic, Franklin contributed some of the most critical evidence for understanding DNA’s double-helix structure. Yet, for much of history, her pivotal role in one of biology’s greatest discoveries was overlooked.

Born in 1920 in London to a well-educated and supportive family, she excelled in science from an early age, later studying chemistry at Cambridge University. After earning her doctorate, she honed her expertise in X-ray crystallography, a technique that uses the scattering of X-rays to deduce the structure of molecules. This skill would become central to her groundbreaking contributions to biology.

In 1951, Franklin joined King’s College London, where she worked on deciphering the structure of DNA. Using her expertise in X-ray diffraction, she captured a series of images, the most famous being Photo 51. This image revealed crucial details about DNA’s helical structure, including its consistent width and the spacing of its bases. Her meticulous work provided the foundation for understanding how genetic information is stored and replicated.

Despite her achievements, Franklin’s contributions were not fully recognized during her lifetime. Without her knowledge, Photo 51 was shown to James Watson and Francis Crick, who used it as critical evidence in their model of DNA’s double helix. While Watson, Crick, and Maurice Wilkins received the Nobel Prize in 1962 for their discovery, Franklin’s name was absent from the accolade. Her early death in 1958, at the age of 37 from ovarian cancer, meant she never saw the full recognition of her contributions.

Today, Franklin’s legacy is celebrated as a symbol of perseverance and scientific excellence. Her work not only laid the groundwork for understanding DNA but also extended to the study of RNA, viruses, and coal structure. She was a pioneer in fields often dominated by men, challenging barriers and proving that brilliance knows no gender.

Though history initially overlooked her contributions, she is now rightly acknowledged as a key figure in one of the most important scientific discoveries of the 20th century. Her dedication to uncovering the secrets of life continues to inspire scientists and advocates for equality in science, ensuring that her legacy endures.

Learn more at The Rosalind Franklin Society

To Jane, Mr. H is more than a toy; he is a powerful symbol of hope, resilience, and the human capacity to make a difference. Mr. H was gifted to Jane Goodall in 1996 by her friend Gary Haun, a blind magician who was inspired by her work. Gary originally intended to give Jane a stuffed chimpanzee, but when he couldn’t find one, he opted for a stuffed monkey instead. When presenting the gift, he jokingly referred to it as a chimpanzee, and the name "Mr. H" stuck—short for "Haun." The mix-up became part of the charm, and Mr. H quickly became an essential part of Jane’s travels and public appearances.

What makes Mr. H so special is not just his connection to Jane but also the story he represents. Gary Haun, despite losing his sight, pursued a career in magic, proving that determination and creativity can overcome significant challenges. To Jane, Mr. H embodies this spirit of perseverance and serves as a reminder of the extraordinary things people can accomplish, no matter the obstacles they face.

Mr. H has accompanied Jane Goodall to over 65 countries, sitting by her side as she speaks to audiences about conservation, climate change, and the need for empathy toward all living beings. Children and adults alike are drawn to the little stuffed monkey, which has become a symbol of her message. For Jane, Mr. H is also a way to connect with people, showing that small, tangible objects can carry profound meaning and inspire hope.

Over the years, Mr. H has become a beloved figure in his own right. Jane often shares his story during her lectures, using him as a tool to remind people that every individual can make a difference. Whether it’s through acts of kindness, innovation, or perseverance, Mr. H’s story inspires others to believe in their own ability to effect change.

Jane Goodall’s bond with Mr. H highlights her unique ability to bring humanity to her work. Through her groundbreaking research with chimpanzees, she taught the world about the emotional and intellectual lives of animals. Through Mr. H, she reminds us of the strength and potential within ourselves. Together, they symbolize the interconnectedness of all life and the enduring power of hope.

Learn more at the Jane Goodall Institute of Canada

The Timucua were instrumental in helping the Spanish settlers adapt to Florida’s challenging environment. Their knowledge of local plants, animals, and seasonal changes enabled the Spanish to establish a foothold in the region. For example, the Timucua taught the Spanish how to cultivate corn, squash, and beans, known as the "Three Sisters" of Indigenous agriculture.

Additionally, the Timucua introduced the Spanish to fishing and hunting techniques that were suited to the area. They showed settlers how to navigate Florida’s intricate waterways, including the rivers and swamps surrounding Saint Augustine. Without this guidance, the Spanish would have struggled to find food or avoid dangerous areas.

Spanish Influence on Timucua Life

The Spanish brought new technologies and tools that reshaped Timucua life. Iron tools, such as axes and knives, made farming and construction more efficient, while glass beads and other goods became highly sought after in trade. Spanish livestock, including pigs and cattle, were introduced, changing the way the Timucua accessed and consumed meat.

Religion also became a significant influence. The Spanish sought to convert the Timucua to Christianity, establishing missions like Mission Nombre de Dios, which was the first mission in what is now the United States. Over time, many Timucua adopted Christian practices, though often blending them with their traditional spiritual beliefs.

The Art of Diplomacy and Conflict

Cultural exchange wasn’t always peaceful. Early on, the Timucua and Spanish established trade relationships and alliances. However, as Spanish demands grew and Indigenous populations were decimated by disease, conflicts arose. The Timucua resisted forced labor and the imposition of Spanish authority, leading to uprisings and strained relationships.

Despite these tensions, moments of cooperation remained. Timucua leaders like Chief Saturiwa negotiated with Spanish officials, balancing diplomacy with resistance to preserve their people and culture.

Learn more at the University of South Florida: Exploring Florida - Timucua